明代夏允彝（1596-1645）著《禹貢古今合註》凡五卷，陳子龍（1608
1647）為其作序。劉起釪（1917-2012）說：「夏和陳都是明末愛國志士，完全
從救國匡時出發而研究〈禹貢〉。」指出夏允彝〈禹貢〉著作之旨，其內容討論
水利、屯田、邊防、漕運，可謂深且廣矣。本文主要集中在「治水」方面，分為
兩個部分探討：國防與漕運、黃河治理。夏允彝活動於明末清初，關注邊境國
防，而國防得仰賴南方資源的充實，故大力主張利用運河為漕道，對於頻繁出事
的海運，則持保留態度。另一方面，黃河善徙、泛濫等問題，始終困擾明廷。夏
允彝認為政府耗費大量資源築堤防止河患，但效果事倍功半，不如遷走易犯河患

的沿岸居民，而任黃河水勢傾瀉入海，效仿大禹治水「山陵當路者毀之，故鑿龍
門、闢伊闕、柝底柱、破碣石，墮斷天地之性」，以大破大立的方法治河。
除了基於於務實層面的討論外，本文也留意到夏允彝《禹貢古今合註》的經
學史問題。他繼承茅瑞徵（生卒年不詳）的《禹貢匯疏》，而茅瑞徵又上承鄭曉
（1499-1566）《禹貢圖說》。經比對，三者的〈禹貢圖〉幾乎一致。不過夏允
彝承繼前人成果的過程中，於內容解析上稍作調整，以符自己的理念。透過本文
分析，可以概見夏允彝《禹貢古今合註》在經學史上的承繼與其治水之策。

A Combined Commentary on the Ancient and Modern Yu Gong (Yu Gong Gu Jin
He Zhu), consisting of fi ve volumes, was written by Xia Yunyi (1596-1645) during
the Ming dynasty, with a preface composed by Chen Zilong (1608-1647). Liu Qiyu
(1917-2012) remarked: “Both Xia and Chen were patriotic scholars in the late Ming
dynasty, whose study of the Yu Gong stemmed entirely from their desire to save
the nation and rectify the times.” This points out the core purpose of Xia Yunyi's
work on the Yu Gong, the content of which discusses water conservancy, military
farming (tuntian), frontier defense, and grain transport via waterways—topics that are
indeed deep and wide-ranging. This article focuses primarily on the aspect of “water
management,” which is explored in two parts: national defense and waterway grain
transport, and the governance of the Yellow River.
Xia Yunyi’s work, Yu Gong Hui Shu, built upon the scholarship of Mao Ruizheng
(whose life dates are unknown), who himself had followed the tradition of Zheng

Xiao’s (1499-1566) Yu Gong Tu Shuo. A comparative analysis shows that the Yu
Gong Tu maps in all three texts are almost identical. Nevertheless, while building
on the achievements of his predecessors, Xia Yunyi made slight adjustments to the
commentary to refl ect his own ideas. This paper analyzes these adjustments to off er a
glimpse into the legacy of Xia Yunyi's Yu Gong Gu Jin He Zhu within the history of
Confucian classics, alongside his strategies for fl ood control and water management.